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    • 专利摘要:
    Thermoplastic composites are provided herein having a core composite layer (20) including a fibrous substrate and one or more high performance polymers and a surface layer polymer (10) applied to at least one surface of the composite layer of the composite. core, which forms a blend of polymer and high performance polymer thereby imparting better toughness and processing times and methods for obtaining and using the same.
    公开号:BR112012006150B1
    申请号:R112012006150-0
    申请日:2010-09-23
    公开日:2019-07-16
    发明作者:James F. Pratte；Scott A. Rogers；Dominique Ponsolle
    申请人:Cytec Technology Corp.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    THERMOPLASTIC TRIPLE LAYER COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, MANUFACTURING ARTICLE, AND, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A THERMOPLASTIC TRIPLE LAYER COMPOSITE STRUCTURE
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    1. Field of the invention [001] The subject in question of the present invention refers to thermoplastic composite materials and prepregs used to create structures that have a high proportion of resistance to weight. More particularly, in certain embodiments the present invention relates to layered thermoplastic composites for use in fast rolling processes and forming processes, whose composites have an interlayer region that contains at least one polymer that has high crystallinity and that crystallizes partially or completely during the rapid lamination or forming process window and an outer layer region that contains a polymer that has little or no crystallization and that is miscible and / or compatible with the polymer of the interlayer region and that has a temperature lower melt and process than the polymer of the interlayer region. Such thermoplastic composites are useful in aerospace and other high performance automotive / industrial applications.
    2. Description of Related Art [002] Reinforced thermoplastic and thermo-rigid materials have wide application, for example, in the aerospace, automotive, industrial / chemical and sporting goods industries. Thermo-rigid resins are impregnated in the reinforcement material before curing, whereas resinous materials have low viscosity. Thermoset resins have several disadvantages. Low molding pressures are used to prepare these composites to prevent damage to the fibers. These low pressures, however, make it difficult to suppress the formation
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 6/65 / 28 bubbles inside the composite which can result in voids or defects in the matrix coating. Thus, most processing problems with thermoset composites are related to the removal of entrained air or volatiles so that a matrix free of empty spaces is produced. Thermo-rigid composites obtained by the prepreg method require prolonged curing times with alternating pressures to control the flow of the resin as it thickens to avoid bubbles in the matrix. While the current manufacture of large structures uses robotic placement of the thermoset composite material to increase the production rate, its overall production rate for the component is limited by prolonged curing in the autoclave process step and related operations to prepare the material for that step in the process. Some high-volume processes, such as resin infusion, avoid the prepreg step, but still require special equipment and materials along with constant monitoring of the process during the curing time period (for example, US Pat. Nos. 4,132. 755 and 5,721,034).
    [003] Although the thermoset resins have been successful as in applications of composites of smaller volume, the difficulties in the processing of these resins have their limited use in applications of larger volume.
    [004] Thermoplastic compositions, in contrast, are more difficult to be impregnated in the reinforcement material because of their comparatively higher viscosities. On the other hand, thermoplastic compositions offer some benefits over thermoset compositions. For example, thermoplastic prepregs can be manufactured more quickly in articles. Another advantage is that the thermoplastic articles formed with such prepregs can be recycled. In addition, damage-resistant composites with excellent performance in hot humid environments can be
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 7/65 / 28 achieved by the appropriate selection of the thermoplastic matrix. Thermoplastic resins are long chain polymers with high molecular weight. These polymers are highly viscous when melted and often exhibit their non-Newtonian flow behavior. Thus, while thermosets have viscosities in the range of 100 to 5,000 centipoises (0.1 to 5 Pa * s), thermoplastics have melt viscosities in the range of 5,000 to 20,000,000 centipoise (5 to 20,000 Pa * s) and more typically 20,000 to 1,000,000 centipoise (20 to 1000 Pa * s). Despite a viscosity difference of three orders of magnitude between thermosets and thermoplastics, some processes have been applied to both types of dies for the lamination of fibrous materials.
    [005] Fiber-reinforced plastic materials can be manufactured by first impregnating the fiber reinforcement with resin to form a prepreg, then consolidating two or more prepregs into a laminate, optionally with additional forming steps. Due to the high viscosity of thermoplastics, most processes for forming thermoplastic prepregs involve coating the outside of the fiber bundles with a powdered thermoplastic polymer instead of the individual filaments for coating. The powdered polymer is then melted to force the polymer around, in and over the individual filaments. Some processes apply the melt directly to the fibers. A tape can be obtained by coating a dry canvas of fibers collimated with the polymer and by applying a heated process that forces the polymer into and around the fibers (for example, see US Pat. Nos. 4,549. 920 and 4,559,262). Another process used to coat and impregnate a dry collimated fiber web is to pull the web through an aqueous suspension of the fine particles of thermoplastic polymer, with the polymer particles being trapped within the filament bundles. Subsequent heating and pressure in the process expel the water by boiling and then melts the
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 8/65 / 28 polymer to force it into and around the filament bundles. This process is described in Pats. U.S. Nos. 6,372,294; 5,725,710; 4,883,552 and 4,792,481. A modification to the aqueous suspension impregnation process is to eliminate the use of water and active stress as dispersing agents for the polymer particles and instead electrostatically charge the particles into a fluidized air bed to collect the particles in the filament bundle . Subsequent heat and pressure zones melt the polymer to coat / impregnate the filament bundle as provided in U.S. Pat. U.S. No. 5,094,883. Thus, for those skilled in the art, there are multiple methods for coating and / or impregnating a fibrous substrate supplied to the equipment available for processing and the appropriate selection of the shape of the polymer product (flake, fine powder, film, non-woven veil, pellets) ) and melt viscosity. Known methods for making composite articles include manual and automated manufacturing. Manual fabrication involves manual cutting and placement of material by a technician on a mandrel surface. This manufacturing method is time consuming and cost intensive and could possibly result in non-uniformity in the settlement. Known automated manufacturing techniques include: flat ribbon laminating machines (FTLM) and contour ribbon laminating machines (CTLM). Typically, both FTLM and CTLM employ an insulated composite material applicator that crosses the work surface to which the composite material needs to be applied. The composite material is typically deposited in a single row (of composite material) at one time to create a layer of a desired width and length. Thereafter, additional layers can be formed on top of a previous layer to provide the desired thickness of settlement. FTLM's typically apply material to a flat transfer sheet; the transfer sheet and the settlement are subsequently removed from the FTLM and placed on a mold or on
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 9/65 / 28 a mandrel. In contrast, CTLM's typically apply composite material directly to the work surface of a mandrel. FLTM and CTLM machines are also known as automated tape laying machines (ATL) and automated fiber laying machines (AFP) with the applicator being commonly called a tape chamber.
    [006] The productivity of ATL / AFP machines is dependent on the machine parameters, the seating characteristics of the composite part and the characteristics of the material. Machine parameters such as start / stop time, stroke transition time and cut / add pleats determine the total time of the tape chamber over ATL / AFP is the deposit of material on the mandrel. The seating characteristics of the composite such as bend formations and part dimensions also influence the total productivity of ATL / AFP machines. The fundamental factors of the material that influence the productivity of the ATL / AFP machine are similar for a thermoset resin matrix composite when compared to a thermoplastic matrix composite there are still a couple of fundamental differences. For the thermosetting resin matrix the composites of the thermosetting resin matrix, the fundamental factors are levels of impregnation, resin coverage on the surface and “stickiness”. "Stickiness" is the level of adhesion necessary to maintain the position of the tape / tow on the tool or settlement after it has been deposited on it. Thermo-rigid resins are partially reacted and, therefore, “stickiness” is achieved by a combination of molecular diffusion between the two lamination surfaces and the chemisorption between the polar chemical groups, which did not react. Due to the unreacted nature of the thermoset resin, the ATL / AFP process is generally carried out at room temperature, but in environments with controlled humidity due to the sensitivity to humidity on the material's tackiness level.
    [007] Thermoplastic matrix composites have factors
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 10/65 / 28 similar fundamentals as thermo-rigid matrix composites for the productivity of the ATL / AFP machine, however since the thermoplastic polymer matrices are generally reacted totally on the tape, the environment conditions lack “stickiness”. Fully reacted thermoplastics generally have low surface energies that make it unlikely to adhere to room temperature. In addition, high performance thermoplastic matrices are in their “glassy” state at room temperature which makes the molecular diffusion mechanism for “stickiness” virtually impossible. In this way, “stickiness” is achieved in thermoplastic composites by dynamically applying additional energy in the form of thermal, ultrasonic, optical and / or electromagnetic (induction) to the tape that enters to raise the temperature of the materials above their temperature softening and / or melting to facilitate the molecular diffusion of the polymer chains that occur between the two surfaces. Once polymer chains have diffused across the surface, the additional energy added to the materials needs to be removed to a level that will prevent distortion of the laminate deposition once the lamination pressure is removed from the ATL / AFP chamber. This rapid flow of energy in and out of the deposition makes it desirable for an energy use and the deposition speed to carry out this process step at the lowest possible temperature and the energy without compromising the temperature performance of the resulting composite part.
    [008] Consolidation is typically necessary to remove the voids that result from the resin's inability to completely displace air from the fiber bundle, tow or filament during the processes that were used to impregnate the fibers with the resin. Filaments, tow, folds or layers of individually impregnated prepregs are usually consolidated by heat and pressure by compacting in an autoclave. The consolidation stage in general
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 11/65 / 28 required the application of very high pressures and high temperatures under vacuum for relatively long times. In addition, the consolidation process step using an autoclave or an oven requires a “bagging” operation to provide deposition with a sealed membrane on the tool to allow a vacuum to be applied to remove air and to provide the differential pressure required to consolidate in the autoclave. This process step also reduces the total productivity of the composite part operation. Thus, for a thermoplastic composite it would be advantageous to consolidate in-situ to a composite with a low void while laminating the tape to the substrate with the ATL / AFP machine. This process is typically called ATL / AFP in-situ and the material used in that process is called in-situ tape.
    [009] In general, thermoplastic composites have shown limited success to date, due to a variety of factors including high processing temperatures (currently around 400 ° C), high pressures and long molding times required to produce good laminates quality. Most efforts have been focused on combining high-performance polymers with structural fibers that have only exacerbated the process problems. Since the time period typically required to properly consolidate the prepreg folds determines the production rate for the part, it would be desirable to achieve the best consolidation in the shortest period of time. In addition, lower pressures or consolidation temperature or shorter consolidation times will result in a less costly production process due to lower energy consumption per molding part and other manufacturing benefits.
    [0010] Consequently, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic materials and the processes currently available to produce stiffer, lightweight composites require further improvement. Thermoplastic materials
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 12/65 / 28 that have better speeds in automated machines for deposition and lower processing temperatures and that do not have an autoclave or greenhouse stage would be a useful advance in technique and could find rapid acceptance in the aerospace and high performance auto industries, among others.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0011] The invention detailed here provides semicrystalline polymer films of lower melting point, slower crystallization which are applied to a surface (for example, by lamination) of a core containing a tape or tow impregnated with a polymer matrix that melts at a higher temperature, that crystallizes more quickly and that can be initially processed at a process temperature in the molten state of the surface polymer, however upon cooling it crystallizes at rates intermediate to the polymer matrix that is crystallizes more quickly. This invention is useful, for example, in the development of an in-situ thermoplastic tape and pre-impregnated tow (prepreg made from tow) that can be processed in an Automated Tape Deposition / Automated Fiber Laying (ATL / AFP) at comparable speeds as a thermoset tape, with the exception that no post autoclave or stove step is required after laying. The modeling cost of manufacturing the part demonstrated that 30% of the manufacturing cost (recurring) can be saved by eliminating the post-processing step (autoclave / stove). In addition, this invention will also reduce the initial capital cost and installation investment to produce large composites.
    [0012] Consequently, the invention described in detail in this case provides, in one aspect, thermoplastic compositions that have a composite core layer that includes a fibrous substrate and at least a high performance polymer and a polymer in the chosen surface layer.
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 13/65 / 28 between an amorphous polymer, a semicrystalline polymer with slow crystallization or combinations thereof, such that the polymer in the surface layer is applied on at least one surface of the nuclear composite layer and forms a combination of polymer with the polymer of high performance and where the Tm and Tprocess of the polymer in the surface layer is at least 10 ° C less than the Tm and Tprocess of the high performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer.
    [0013] In another aspect, the invention relates to articles of manufacture obtained starting from the thermoplastic composites according to the invention described herein. Such articles are useful, for example, in the aircraft / aerospace industries, among others.
    [0014] Also provided by the present invention are processes for manufacturing the thermoplastic compositions described in detail in this case by impregnating and / or applying a coating on the fibrous substrate with at least one high performance polymer and applying a surface layer polymer as described in detail in this case on at least one surface of the nuclear composite layer, thereby forming a polymer combination between the surface layer polymer and the high performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer.
    [0015] In-situ thermoplastic composite tapes for use in an automated tape deposition machine or in an automated fiber placement machine are also provided.
    [0016] These and other objectives, characteristics and advantages of this invention will become evident from the detailed description below of the various aspects of the invention considered in association with the attached Figures and Examples.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    FIG. 1: An embodiment of a thermoplastic composite according to the invention: (A) Double-layer composite; (B) Composite
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 14/65 / 28 triple layer. Slow crystallizing polymer, lower melting point thermoplastic polymer or amorphous polymer as surface polymer 10 that is miscible and / or compatible with polymer compatible with rapid crystallization, high performance high melting point polymer of the core matrix 20.
    FIG 2: Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) - CYPEK® PEKK DS-E film (A); APC-2 PEEK / IM7 (B) tape; (C) Combined Tape-Laminated APC-2 PEEK / IM-7 with CYPEK® PEKK DS-E film (G) shows a strong signal at the beginning of the DSC curve that can be attributed to the CYPEK® PEKK DS polymer layer -And 6 microns on the tape surface. This polymer has a melting peak of around 300 ° C and this can be seen in the first thermal curve. The CYPEK® PEKK DS-E polymer with a cooling rate of 10 ° C and above will not have a crystallization peak upon cooling. The APC2 / IM-7 laminate with PEKK (CYPEK® PEKK DS-E) has a peak crystallization temperature similar to the APC-2 PEEK / IM-7 base tape at 309 ° C, thus suggesting that the CYPEK surface layer ® PEKK DS-E did not have an adverse effect on the crystallization rate of the laminated materials; the laminate APC-2 / IM-7 with CYPEK® PEKK DS-E (C) presents a curve that behaves more like the material of the APC-2 PEEK / IM-7 base tape without a cold crystallization peak that could occur with CYPEK® PEKK DS-E which is in an amorphous state. The curves indicate that the APC-2 PEEK / IM7 base tape, which crystallizes much more quickly than CYPEK® PEKK DS-E, is nucleating and is accelerating the crystallization rate of the surface layer CYPEL® PEKK DS-E polymer .
    FIG. 3: Ultrasonic Nesting Scan ATP insitu - (A) APC-2 PEEK / IM7 unidirectional tape; (B) unidirectional tri-layer tape CYPEK® PEKK DS-E // APC-2 PEEK / IM7 // CYPEK® PEKK DS-E. The red color indicates high signal transmission, which indicates a
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 15/65 / 28 composite with little empty space (preferred), while the blue color indicates high signal loss due to high porosity in the laminate.
    FIG. 4: Micrographic cross sections of thermoplastic compositions: (A) Control Laminate PEKK DS-M AS-4; (B) PEKK DS-M AS-4 with 0.25 mm PEKK DS-E film (4B) acts as an inter-fold spacer that increases the space between the folds, while the control (4A) has almost filament contact for filament between the folds.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN MODALITY S OF THE INVENTION [0017] As summarized above, the invention provides thermoplastic compositions that contain a single layer rich in resin on one or more surfaces of a nuclear composite layer that contains a fibrous substrate that is impregnated with one or more more high-performance polymers. The single resin-rich layer provides less wetting and bonding of thermoplastic composite materials placed in-situ at a higher laying speed than is possible with a typical prepreg thermoplastic composite material. Such a single resin-rich layer can be applied to any core matrix containing a fibrous material typically used in thermoplastic impregnation manufacturing methods that include, but are not limited to, unidirectional tape or fabric, tow / preg fiber or woven materials and not woven such as mat or veil. Fiber-reinforced composite materials are generally classified as tape, fabric, non-woven, paper and mixtures thereof. Tape in general refers to uniaxial fibers for reinforcement that extend along a single axis of the material in strips. The term woven in general refers to reinforcement fibers deposited along at least two different axes within the strip material. The fabric is commercially available as biaxial, triaxial and quadriaxial, indicating fibers that extend in two, three
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 16/65 / 28 or four different axes, respectively. The fibers can optionally be woven together or can be manufactured as a nonwoven. A vast network of composite reinforcement fibers is commercially available, such as, for example, carbon fibers, Kevlar® fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and mixtures thereof. Metal sheets are also known in the art and can be included in composite articles. Such metal sheets are often interspersed as layers of material within the composite settlement. Strip materials are commercially available in a wide range of widths. A common width for fiber-reinforced strip material is 15.2 cm (6 inches). The present invention considers and can be adapted to a variety of strip material widths.
    Core Composite Bed
    Substrate [0018] The nuclear composite layer element (or base) of the thermoplastic composites described herein contains a fibrous substrate and a uniformly distributed high performance thermoplastic polymer resin. In certain embodiments, the fibrous substrate may include, but is not limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, for example, the fibrous substrate is a carbon fiber based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
    [0019] In certain embodiments the fibrous substrate includes 50% to 80% by weight of the total weight of the thermoplastic composite. The fibrous substrate can be a uni-directional tape (uni-tape), nonwoven plate or veil, fiber tow or fabric material that has been impregnated with at least one high performance polymer by any manufacturing / impregnation method known to those skilled in the art. in the technique. Suitable impregnation methods are known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, and without limitation, hot melt impregnation,
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 17/65 / 28 aqueous suspension impregnation, powder coating, extrusion film lamination and combinations thereof.
    High performance polymer [0020] It is an objective of this invention to achieve a thermoplastic composite tape and / or tapes that have lower processing temperatures while still maintaining known performance targets for high performance polymers. Consequently, the thermoplastic resin of the uniformly distributed nuclear composite layer is a high performance polymer that has a higher melting temperature and a faster crystallization rate than that of the surface layer polymer. As used in this case, the term “high performance polymer” is understood to refer to any thermoplastic polymer that has a melting point temperature (Tm) greater than or equal to 280 ° C and a higher process temperature (Tprocess) than or equal to 310 ° C. In certain embodiments, the higher performance nuclear composite layer polymer is chosen from polyarylethylketones (PAEK), combinations of PAEK, polyimides and polyphenylenesulfides (PPS). these polymers are all well known to those skilled in the thermoplastic technique and are easily and commercially available.
    [0021] In certain embodiments, PAEK is chosen from polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketone acetone (PEEKK), polyetherethereton ketone (PEKK), polyetheretherketone (PEK) and polyetheretherketone acetoneetercetone (PEKKEK).
    [0022] It is well known that the melting point and the crystallinity rate of PEKK can be varied by adjusting the ratio of terephthaloyl ("T") to isophthaloyl ("I") ("T: I ratio"). In the current PEKK synthesis, the “T” and “I” are controlled by the relative amounts of terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride to obtain block copolymer. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that increasing the number of segments
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 18/65 / 28 "I" increases the "twist" in the polymer main chain, thereby decreasing the rate and activation energy for a chain rotation to achieve the minimum energy setting for crystalline formation. This results in a lower melting temperature and a lower crystallization rate. In order to achieve the performance objectives of the thermoplastic compositions according to the present invention, however, the high performance polymer needs to crystallize within the process time interval. Thus, the high-performance polymer in the nuclear composite layer needs to be fast crystallizing (that is, less than approximately 7 seconds). For this reason it is preferable that in certain embodiments the high performance polymer is present in a semi-crystalline state with more than 20% crystallinity (that is, that it has a highly crystalline composite). Consequently, when the high performance polymer is chosen from polyetheretherketone (PEKK) it has a T: I ratio of 70:30 to 100: 0. For example, two of the s modes include CYPEK® HT and CYPEK® FC which have T: I ratios in the range of 70:30 to 100: 0. Although PEKK-type polymers having T: I ratios below 70:30 can be used, a nucleating agent can also be used to increase the rate at which the polymer crystallizes to approximate that of polymers with T ratios: I from 70:30 - 100: 0. Carbon black is an example of such a nucleating reagent. The combination of a polymer with a higher T: I ratio (for example, 90:10) with the polymer with a T: I ratio of 55:45 can also increase the rate of crystallization. Other nucleating reagents suitable for use with the present invention are also known to those skilled in the composite art and are also considered for use with the present invention.
    [0023] Polyarylethylketones are well known to those skilled in the composite techniques and may include, but are not limited to, APC2® PEEK, CYPEK®-FC and / or CYPEK®-HT, which are all commercially available
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 19/65 / 28 available from Cytec Engineered Materials / Cytec Industries Inc., Woodland Park NJ.
    [0024] In yet other modalities, the high performance polymer is a PAEK combination that has polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide and / or polyethersulfone mixed with one or more polyarylethylketones. The high performance polymer can also be chosen from polyimides such as, for example, Aurum N-TPI® and Avimid K3B®.
    [0025] The resin content of the high performance polymer in the nuclear composite layer is in the range of 26% to 90% by weight of the total thus providing the nuclear composite layer with a resin module above 3445 MPa and a toughness to interlaminar fracture above 600 J / m 2 as measured by G1c. The viscosity of the high performance polymer is adjusted so that a good wetting of the filament is obtained. Ultimately, the high-performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer acts as part of a polymer matrix and forms a polymer combination with the surface layer polymer when that polymer is applied to the nuclear composite layer. As used in this case, the term "polymer combination" includes combinations of miscible and compatible polymers since those terms are known and understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention belongs.
    Surface layer polymer [0026] Consequently, the surface layer polymer is applied to one or more surfaces of the nuclear composite layer. When the surface layer polymer is only on one surface of the nuclear composite layer, a double layer composite is formed. When it is on two surfaces of the nuclear composite layer, the structure of the resulting composite is called a triple layer. A compatible and / or miscible combination between the high performance polymer of the core composite matrix and the layer polymer is desired
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 20/65 / 28 surface, the surface layer polymer is chosen such that it has a lower melting point and processing temperature than the high performance polymer. In certain embodiments, the melting and / or processing temperature of the surface layer polymer is at least 10 ° to 20 ° C (for example, 10 ° C, 11 ° C, 12 ° C, 13 ° C, 14 ° C, 15 ° C, 16 ° C, 17 ° C, 18 ° C, 19 ° C or 20 ° C) lower than the melting and / or processing temperature of the high performance polymer.
    [0027] The morphology of the surface layer polymer may be an amorphous and / or semi-crystalline polymer with slow crystallization (i.e., low crystallinity typically less than 20% crystallinity). Combinations of amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers are also specifically considered for use as the surface layer polymer by the present invention. In certain embodiments, the surface layer polymer is chosen from polyaryethylketones (PAEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimides, PAEK copolymer with PEI and / or polyethersulfone (PES) and / or polyphenyl sulfide (PPS) and combinations of PAEK with one or more PEI, PES, PPS and / or polyimides.
    [0028] In a particular embodiment, for example, the surface layer polymer includes PAEK chosen from PEEK or PEKK combined with, such as, but not limited to, diphenylsulfone. When the surface layer polymer includes PEKK, the T: I ratio of the PEKK is in the range of 0: 100 to 70:30 to maintain the slow crystallization rate of the surface layer polymer. In a particular embodiment, the T: I ratio of the surface layer polymer uses CYPEK® DS which has a T: I ratio in the range of 0: 100 to 70:30. Suitable PEKK polymers available for use with the present invention include, but are not limited to, those commercially available from Cytec Industries Inc., Woodland Park NJ, such as CYPEK® DS-E or CYPEK® DS-M.
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 21/65 / 28 [0029] The resulting surface layer has a fracture toughness above K1c> 1.5 MPa-m 0.5 . The surface layer polymer is applied to a nuclear composite layer at a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 microns per layer. In some embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer can be in the range of 1 to 10 microns per layer; in other modalities, it can be in the range of 4 to 6 microns per layer. Consequently, in a triple layer configuration the thickness of the surface layer polymer can be in the range of 2 to 40 microns. The thermoplastic composition as a whole can be in the range of 25 to 400 microns thick.
    [0030] In certain embodiments, the surface layer polymer may also include a multifunctional agent chosen from a metallic coating and / or micro and / or nano particles. Such multifunctional agents can improve the composite aspects of the substrate, thereby improving the electrical conductivity, toughness, oxygen permeability, crystallization rate and / or solvent resistance of the thermoplastic composite.
    [0031] The surface layer polymer and / or the high performance polymer and / or the core matrix also includes one or more additives such as, but not limited to, impact modifiers, mold release agents, lubricants, agents thixotropics, antioxidants, UV absorbers, thermal stabilizers, flame retardants, pigments, colorants, non-fibrous reinforcements and fillers, nano graphite platelets, to improve the crystallinity rate and decrease shrinkage, nano clays to improve solvent resistance, nano metals (such as nickel fibrils), particle interleaving for impact stiffening, CVD veil fabrics for lighting impact with OML, fiber or polymer veils to improve impact performance, surface finishes to help remove air while pressure is applied by
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 22/65 / 28 ATL machine and high flow surface coatings to accelerate the healing of crawling through the region between folds.
    Composites [0032] Using the matrix, core and surface layer polymer described above, a thermoplastic composite with a resin-rich surface with a total resin content (ie, high performance polymer resin content) is provided + content of surface layer polymer resin) in the range of 30 - 95% by weight of the total resin are achieved by lamination or by applying a surface coating of a low melting, high melting point tape or prepreg resin with a miscible or compatible polymer with a lower melting point that has a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 microns. The total thickness of the thermoplastic composition according to the present invention is in the range of 25 to 400 microns. When the thermoplastic composite of the present invention is a tape, for example, polymers with lower processing temperatures are located on the surface where the dynamics of the fold laminating process occurs. This allows the surface coating of the polymer of lower processing temperature (i.e., the surface layer polymer) to be melted, melted and to have the surface smoothed onto the core matrix, base tape, thereby obtaining a pre-impregnated tape or tow in-situ type thermoplastic. Because it has a smooth, flat surface layer, the physical state of the lamination for a tape, for example, would be such that the “intimate contact” between the two lamination surfaces (ie, core matrix, base and layer polymer surface) would occur within a few seconds of the start of contact.
    [0033] For the purpose of non-limiting example, CYPEK® DS-E crystallizes very slowly thus leaving the laminated film on the tape surface in an amorphous state that could melt at 20 30 ° C above Tg before the start crystallization. PEKK type CYPEK®
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 23/65 / 28
    DS crystallizes as much as an order of magnitude more quickly when combined with a faster crystallization polyarethylketone such as PEEK, CYPEK® FC and CYPEK® HT. Thus, although this surface layer may start in the amorphous state, it will eventually crystallize after multiple passes of the tape chamber in-situ over the area during the tape laying process. The end result is the fact that it has alternating layers of highly crystalline areas with interlaminate layers that are less crystalline. The composite structures obtained in this way will have, for example, a processing temperature lower than the base tape by a minimum of 10 ° C, an interlayer region that is partially or totally crystallized during the process window of a laying process. in-situ thermoplastic, interlayer region that has less crystallinity and therefore rigidity that would lead to good impact resistance and better solvent resistance due to less residual stress formed in the interlayer and a process for obtaining tape in layers by film lamination to a low resin content tape or by applying powder / solvent coating a low resin content tape.
    [0034] The thermoplastic composites of the invention can be formed into various articles using rapid lamination and forming processes which include, but are not limited to, in-situ placement of thermoplastic tape / tow for stiffened flap and fuselage shells, molding continuous compression (CCM) and roll forming process for stiffener manufacturing, double belt pressing to obtain consolidated flat panels and floor panels for aircraft, cylindrical structures wound with in-situ filaments and bonding by melting and welding the entire assembly composite.
    Methods [0035] The present invention also provides methods for making a thermoplastic composition that has a thickness in the range of 25 to 400 microns and that has better processing temperature and
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 24/65 / 28 processing on ATL machines and manufacturing equipment by impregnating and / or applying a coating on a fibrous substrate with a nuclear composite layer that includes a high performance thermoplastic polymer and applying a surface layer polymer on at least one surface of the nuclear composite layer. As discussed throughout this specification, the surface layer polymer is chosen from a slow crystallizing semi-crystalline polymer or an amorphous polymer (or mixtures thereof), such that the surface layer polymer forms a miscible and / or compatible combination the high-performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer. The resulting thermoplastic composition has the characteristics as detailed in this specification and in the claims. Similar steps are also provided to provide an in-situ thermoplastic composite tape.
    [0036] In the manufacture of the thermoplastic compositions of the invention, the surface layer polymer is applied to a nuclear composite layer by any means known in the art that includes, but is not limited to, powder or solvent coating, film lamination , non-woven veil, flame / plasma spray coating (such as Thermal Spray System by Resodyn, Montana) and combinations thereof or the surface layer polymer can be laminated. The strip or laminated substrate can then be cooled. The fibrous substrate can be chosen from any of the fibers as detailed above above and the substrate or tape can be laminated on one or two surfaces.
    Other Modalities
    1. A thermoplastic composition comprising:
    a) a nuclear composite layer comprising a fibrous substrate and one or more high performance polymers and
    b) a surface layer polymer chosen from an amorphous polymer, a semi crystalline polymer with slow crystallization and
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 25/65 / 28 mixtures thereof, wherein the surface layer polymer is applied to at least one surface of said nuclear composite layer to form a polymer combination with the high performance polymer of said nuclear composite layer and wherein the Tm and Tprocess of the polymer surface layer is at least 10 ° C less than the Tm and Tprocess of the high-performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer.
    2. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 1, in which the fibrous substrate is chosen from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and mixtures thereof and comprises 50 to 80 percent by weight of the total weight of the composite .
    3. A thermoplastic composition according to modalities 1 or 2, where the fibrous substrate is carbon fiber based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
    4. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the fibrous substrate is in the form of a single layer, a non-woven plate or veil, fiber tow or fabric material.
    5. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the high performance polymer is chosen from polyarylethylketones (PAEK); PAEK combinations; polyimides and polyphenylenesulfides (PPS).
    6. A thermoplastic composition according to the modality according to modality 5, in which the polyarylethylketone is chosen from:
    polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketone acetone (PEEKK), polyetheretherketone (PEKK) that have a ratio of terephthaloyl to isophthaloyl from 70:30 to 100: 0, polyetheretherone (PEK) and polyetheretherketone acetoneetercetone (PEKKEK).
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 26/65 / 28
    7. A composition according to modality 5, in which the polyarylethylketone is chosen from APC-2® PEEK, Cypek®FC and Cypek®HT.
    8. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 5, in which the polyarylethylketone combination comprises PEI, PES, PPS and mixtures thereof.
    9. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 5, in which the polyimide is Aurum® TPI.
    10. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the surface layer polymer is chosen from: polyetherimide (PEI); polyarylethylketone polymer combined with PEI, PES, PPS, polyimide, and mixtures thereof; polyarylethylketones; polyimides and mixtures thereof.
    11. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 10, wherein the PAEK polymer combination comprises PEEK or PEKK and diphenylsulfone.
    12. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 10 or 11, in which PAEK is PEKK which has a ratio of terephthaloyl to isophthaloyl from 0: 100 to 70:30.
    13. A thermoplastic composition according to any one of embodiments 10 to 12, wherein the surface layer polymer comprises Cypek®DS-E or Cypek®DS-M.
    14. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the surface layer polymer is 1 to 20 microns thick.
    15. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 14, in which the surface layer polymer is 1 to 10 microns thick.
    16. A thermoplastic composition according to
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 27/65 / 28 modality 15, in which the surface layer polymer is 4 to 6 microns thick.
    17. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous embodiments, in which the surface layer polymer is applied on two surfaces of said nuclear composite layer.
    18. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the above embodiments, wherein the surface layer polymer also comprises a multifunctional agent chosen from a metallic coating, microparticles and nanoparticles.
    19. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 18, in which the multifunctional agent improves the composite characteristics of said substrate, said composite characteristics chosen from one or more of electrical conductivity, toughness, oxygen permeability, crystallization rate and solvent resistance.
    20. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous embodiments, in which the high performance polymer crystallizes at a faster rate than the surface layer polymer.
    21. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the high performance polymer nucleates and accelerates the crystallization rate of the surface layer polymer.
    22. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous embodiments, in which the resin content of the high performance polymer is from 26% to 90% by weight of the total resin content.
    23. A thermoplastic composition according to any one of modalities 1 to 21, wherein the total resin content is 30% to 95% by weight of the total resin.
    24. A thermoplastic composition according to modality 23, in which the total resin content is 32% to 42% by weight of the total resin.
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 28/65 / 28
    25. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the composition is also characterized by the fact that the fracture toughness of the surface layer polymer is above K1c> 1.5 MPa-m 0.5 .
    26. Thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the composition is also characterized by the fact that the toughness of the interlaminar fracture of the nuclear composite layer is above 600 J / m 2 when measured by G1c.
    27. A thermoplastic composition according to any of the previous modalities, in which the thickness of the composition is in the range of 25 to 400 microns.
    28. Article of manufacture that comprises a thermoplastic composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 27.
    29. A process for the manufacture of a thermoplastic composition according to any of modalities 1 to 27 that has better processing times and toughness, the process comprising:
    a) the impregnation and / or the application of a coating on the fibrous substrate with one or more high performance polymers thereby forming a nuclear composite layer and
    b) applying the surface layer polymer to at least one surface of said nuclear composite layer, thereby forming a combination of polymer with the high performance polymer of the nuclear composite layer and forming the thermoplastic composition that has processing times and better toughness.
    30. A process according to modality 29, in which the thermoplastic composition is in the form of an in-situ thermoplastic composite tape for use in an Automated Tape Deposition / Automated Fiber Laying machine.
    31. A process under modality 30, in which the
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 29/65 / 28
    The process of the thermoplastic tape on an Automated Tape Deposition / Automated Fiber Laying machine is 290 ° C to 410 ° C.
    32. A process according to modality 30 or 31, in which the total resin content is 32% to 42% by weight of the total resin.
    33. A process according to any of the modalities 30 to 32, in which the volume of empty space of the tape is <2%.
    34. A process according to any of modalities 29 to 33, in which the composition is also characterized by the fact that the fracture toughness of the surface layer polymer is above K1c> 1.5 MPa-m 0.5 .
    35. A process according to any of the modalities 29 to 34, in which the thermoplastic composition or the tape is also characterized by the fact that the interlaminar toughness of the fracture of the nuclear composite layer is above 600 J / m 2 as a measure by G1c.
    36. A process according to any one of embodiments 29 to 35, in which the application of the surface layer polymer to a nuclear composite layer is carried out by: i) application of powder or solvent coating; ii) lamination with film; iii) lamination with a non-woven veil; iv) application of plasma flame / spray coating and v) combinations thereof.
    37. A process according to modality 36, in which the application step is carried out by lamination with film and in which the process also comprises cooling the laminated composition.
    38. A process according to any of the modalities 29 to 37, in which the surface layer polymer is applied on two surfaces of the nuclear composite layer.
    39. A process according to any one of embodiments 29 to 38, in which the fibrous substrate is chosen from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and combinations thereof.
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 30/65 / 28
    40. A process according to any of the modalities 29 to 39 in which the thickness of the thermoplastic composition is in the range of 25 to 400 microns.
    Examples [0037] The following examples are provided to assist a person skilled in the art to better understand certain embodiments of the present invention. These examples are intended to serve as an illustration and need not be considered as limiting the scope of the various embodiments of the present invention. Example 1- Film lamination using double or triple layer thermoplastic tape [0038] A small press is heated between 290 ° C and 410 ° C. A Kapton film is coated with a release agent and with the press at the desired temperature, a double layer or triple layer configuration is sandwiched between two pieces of Kapton film coated with release agent, thereby forming an assembly. The assembly is placed between the two 7.6 cm x stainless steel coated plates
    7.6 centimeters (3 inches x 3 inches) of the press together with a thermocouple. The stack is inserted into the press and 454 kilos (1,000 pounds) of pressure are applied and maintained for a period of time between 10 and 30 seconds. The pressure and the top plate are then released and the stack is removed to cool under a cold 454 kg (1,000 lb) press for 1 minute. Example 2 - Comparative [0039] An in-situ layer of a thermoplastic composite using laminated APC-2 / IM7 Unitape and laminated triple layer PEKK DS-E // APC2 / IM7 // PEKK DS-E is performed using an automated machine for applying a thermoplastic tape layer from Accudyne Systems Inc. (see US Patent # 7,404,868). Laminates with a dimension of 75 mm x 1000 mm and a stack orientation of [0 °] 20 (uni-directional 20-fold stack) are consolidated / placed in-situ. The fundamental parameters of the process are
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 31/65 / 28
    Temperature (Temperature of the Layer to fuse the tape to the laminate), Pressure (main pressure to fuse the tape to the laminate) and Speed (Speed of fusion of the tape to the laminate). The race conditions and results for the in-situ ATL are reproduced in the table below and in Figures 3A and 3B.
    Panel Material Temp. Pressure velocity Average SBS SBS Resin SpaceEmpty No.° C % Max m / minute MPa Standard deviation % by weight % in Vol. 1 APC-2 360 75 1.5 69.6 0.3 31.2 3.08 2 APC-2 360 100 3 72.3 0.4 31.3 3.29 3 APC-2 410 75 3 73.7 0.2 33.1 2.77 4 APC-2 410 100 1.5 75.8 0.7 31.2 2.68 5 Triple layer 360 75 1.5 82.7 0.2 32 2.14 6 Triple layer 360 100 3 81.3 0 33 2.72 7 Triple layer 410 75 3 80.6 0.3 31.8 1.58 8 Triple layer 410 100 5 86.8 0.4 34.7 1.31
    [0040] The data in the table above shows in a coherent way that the triple layer tape for a given condition in comparison with the APC-2 / IM7 have less content of empty spaces in the laminate. This is also confirmed by the ultrasonic scans in Figures 3A and 3B. Triple layer laminates also have greater resistance to short-beam shear (SBS) than baseline APC-2 / IM7 tape which also suggests better fold consolidation. In addition, the triple-layer panel # 5 which has a deposition temperature of 360 ° C has a lower void content and higher SBS value than the baseline APC2 / IM7 panel 4 which is processed with a higher deposition temperature (410 ° C) and higher pressure (100% vs. 75%) at the same main speed. These observations confirm that the triple layer tape is producing better quality laminations at lower laying temperatures while maintaining good performance. Example 3 - Cypek® PEKK DS-E [0041] fold testing A laminate comprising 32 folds of unidirectional APC-PEKK-DS-M / AS-4 thermoplastic tape is prepared for consolidation as a test control item. An additional laminate is prepared according to the invention as described in this case in detail and
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 32/65 / 28 includes two (2) sheets of Cypek® PEKK DS-E type polymer film with a nominal thickness of 0.25 mm between each fold of APC-PEKK-DS-M / AS-4 thermoplastic tape. (Figures 4 A-B). Cypek® PEKK DS-E has the same chemical main chain as Cypek® PEKK DS-M used as the resin matrix in the APC-PEKK DS-M / AS4 thermoplastic tape, but has an average molecular weight by weight that is 50% higher. Both panels are processed under vacuum in an autoclave at a pressure of 689 Pa of N2 gas at a temperature of 391 ° C for 20 minutes. Subsequent laminates are then subjected to ultrasonic scanning (scan C) to confirm the quality of the laminates. The laminates are then subjected to 1500 newton-meter impact events. And they are then subjected to mechanical testing to determine the Impact After Compression (CAI) performance of each laminate. It was found that the CAI performance of the PEKK DS-E interlayer film laminate (386 MPa Medium) exceeds that of the control (369 MPa Medium).
    [0042] Several references in patents and / or in scientific literature have been cited throughout this patent application. The descriptions of these publications in their entirety are hereby incorporated by reference if it is cited here to the extent that such descriptions are not inconsistent with the invention and for all jurisdictions in which such incorporation is permitted by reference. In view of the above description and examples, a person skilled in the art will be able to carry out the invention as claimed without undue experimentation.
    [0043] Although the previous descriptive report has presented, described and highlighted the new fundamental aspects of the present teaching, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of compositions and process as illustrated and described, can be made by those skilled in the art , without leaving the scope of the present teachings. Consequently, the scope of the present teachings need not be limited to the preceding description, but would need to be defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B), characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a) a nuclear composite layer (20) comprising a fibrous substrate and one or more high performance polymers that are thermoplastic and have a melting temperature of at least 280 ° C, and a processing temperature of at least 310 ° C , and are present in a semi-crystalline state with more than 20% crystallinity; and
    b) a surface layer polymer (10) on both surfaces of the nuclear composite layer (20) selected from a slow crystallizing semicrystalline polymer having less than 20% crystallinity, and a combination of semicrystalline polymer and an amorphous polymer, in that each surface layer polymer (10) forms a polymer combination with the high performance polymer of said nuclear composite layer (20), and where the high performance polymer has a higher melting temperature and crystallizes at a more rapid rate faster than the surface layer polymer (10).
    [2]
    2. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the fibrous substrate is chosen from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and mixtures thereof and comprises 50% to 80% by weight of the total mass of the composite.
    [3]
    3. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the high performance polymer and the surface layer polymer (10) comprise polyetherketonacetones (PEKK) with different crystallization rates, and crystallization rates are achieved by adjusting the proportion of
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 34/65
    2/4 terephthaloyl (“T”) to isophthaloyl (“I”) so that the T: I PEKK ratio of the high performance polymer is 70:30 to 100: 0, and the T: I ratio of PEKK of the surface layer polymer is from 0: 100 to 70:30.
    [4]
    4. Thermoplastic triple layer (1B) composite structure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the high performance polymer is a polyarylethylketone (PAEK) or a combination of PAEK, and the surface layer is a combination of polymer of PAEK polyarylethylketones comprising PEEK or PEKK and diphenylsulfone.
    [5]
    5. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface layer polymer (10) has a thickness of 1μηι at 20pm.
    [6]
    6. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface layer polymer (10) further comprises a multifunctional agent selected from a metallic coating, microparticles and nanoparticles.
    [7]
    7. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the resin content of the high performance polymer is 26% to 90% of the mass of the nuclear composite layer .
    [8]
    8. Thermoplastic triple layer composite structure (1B) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the total resin content of the resin-rich surface is 30% to 95% of the total resin mass of the high-performance polymer and surface layer polymer resin (10).
    [9]
    9. Article of manufacture, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one of composite structure of triple layer thermoplastic (1B), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 35/65
    3/4
    [10]
    10. Method for manufacturing a thermoplastic triple layer (1B) composite structure as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8 that has improved processing times and toughness, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a) impregnating and / or coating a fibrous substrate with one or more high performance polymers to form a nuclear composite layer (20); said one or more high performance polymer (s) being thermoplastic (s), having a melting temperature of at least 280 ° C, and a processing temperature of at least 310 ° C, and are present in a semi-crystalline state having more than 20% crystallinity; and
    b) applying a surface layer polymer (10) on both surfaces of said nuclear composite layer (20), wherein said surface layer polymer (10) is selected from a semi-crystalline and low crystallization polymer with less than 20% crystallinity, and combinations of semicrystalline polymer and an amorphous polymer, and wherein the surface layer polymer (10) is applied over said nuclear composite layer (20) to form a polymer combination with said high performance polymer nuclear composite layer (20), and the high performance polymer has a higher melting temperature and crystallizes at a faster rate than the surface layer polymer (10).
    [11]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the composite structure of triple layer thermoplastic (1B) is in the form of an in-situ thermoplastic composite tape for use on an Automated Tape Deposition machine or Automated Fiber Placement.
    [12]
    Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the application of the surface layer polymer (10) to a nuclear composite layer (20) is carried out by: i) powder or solvent coating; ii) lamination with film; iii) non-veil lamination
    Petition 870190020747, of 02/28/2019, p. 36/65
    4/4 fabric; iv) plasma flame / spray coating and v) combinations thereof.
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-02-19| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-07-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-07-16| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/09/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/09/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US24539909P| true| 2009-09-24|2009-09-24|
    US61/245399|2009-09-24|
    PCT/US2010/049916|WO2011038065A1|2009-09-24|2010-09-23|Thermoplastic composites and methods of making and using same|
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